https://old.andunix.net/ 2026-06-03T20:35:04+00:00 https://old.andunix.net/ https://old.andunix.net/_media/favicon.ico text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/solaris/exam_notes Notes for the Solaris 10 System Administration Exam (CX-310-200 & -202) I'm preparing myself for the two exams to achieve the Sun Certified System Administrator (SCSA) certification. This are my notes taken while studying the preparation books. Managing File Systems List Devices To list the system's devices, you can use the following commands: text/html 2017-01-04T09:34:28+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/tag/sysadmin sysadmin Pages Bookmarks text/html 2017-01-04T09:33:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/sysadmin/tomcat_upload_limit Increase the Tomcat Upload Limit The “manager”-App of the Tomcats has a limit of 50MiB. This limit is defined in the file WEB-INF/web.xml within the “manager”-App: <multipart-config> <!-- 50MB max --> <max-file-size>52428800</max-file-size> <max-request-size>52428800</max-request-size> <file-size-threshold>0</file-size-threshold> </multipart-config> text/html 2017-01-04T09:34:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/tag/admin admin Pages Bookmarks text/html 2013-03-01T20:58:12+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/solaris/localeadm localeadm The localeadm utility queries and configures Solaris locales through a command line interface. * man page: localeadm(1M) Preparation Check your Solaris Release with cat /etc/release and get a matching DVD or ISO image. If you're using an ISO image, you have to mount it (insert your path in the first line. text/html 2015-11-25T09:43:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mac/rmdir rmdir for OSX The Finder on OSX creates .DS_Store files in the directories to store its settings. This makes removing directories from the command line quite complicated: $ rmdir test rmdir: test: Directory not empty $ rm test/.DS_Store $ /bin/rmdir test text/html 2013-03-01T20:24:52+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/oracle/rman Oracle: Recovery Manager Start Recovery Manager rman target / Delete Archive Logs Delete all archive logs but keep the last 45 days: DELETE ARCHIVELOG ALL COMPLETED BEFORE 'SYSDATE -45'; To remove archive logs older than 3 days without prompting, e.g. via cron, after backup run: text/html 2009-11-27T16:36:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/blog/2009/relax ReLAX Thanks to Wolfgang Stief and Constantin Gonzalez, I got hold on one of the proceedings of the Linux Kongress and OpenSolaris Developer Conference. In this book, I found amoung other, also very interesting, articles one about LAX by Thomas Groß. LAX has some very interesiting concepts, but, unfortunately, it doesn't fit my needs. So I decided to take some of the concepts of LAX and build my own sysadmin-automation-framework. text/html 2014-05-16T06:36:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/linux/disable_core_dumps Disable Core Dumps To disable core dumps create a file /etc/security/limits.d/no_core_dumps with the content * hard core 0: echo '* hard core 0' > /etc/security/limits.d/no_core_dumps Based on the “Nix Craft” article Linux Disable Core Dumps. linux sysadmin admin config text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/solaris/list_devices Solaris: List Devices To list the system's devices, you can use the following commands: * dmesg * format * prtconf * sysdef solaris sysadmin device cli admin text/html 2015-11-25T08:59:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mac/macports MacPorts List Ports list requested ports: port echo requested | cut -d ' ' -f 1 | uniq list installed ports: port -qv installed Housekeeping When ports are updated, the old port is only deactivated, not uninstalled: ... autoconf @2.69_2 autoconf @2.69_3 autoconf @2.69_5 ... text/html 2017-04-13T20:11:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/sysadmin/list_open_ports List Open Ports To list the open ports together with the listening processes: netstat -tulpn Here is an example output: Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 695/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 695/sshd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:55872 … text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/solaris/fstyp fstyp fstyp reports the type of file system. With the -v (verbose) option reports even more informations. * man page: fstyp(1M) Example UFS: ''fstyp'' fstyp /dev/rdsk/c1t0d0s0 ufs UFS: ''fstyp -v'' fstyp -v /dev/rdsk/c1t0d0s0 ufs magic 11954 format dynamic time Wed Dec 23 17:26:29 2009 sblkno 16 cblkno 24 iblkno 32 dblkno 760 sbsize 2048 cgsize 8192 cgoffset 64 cgmask 0xffffffc0 ncg 427 size 20972160 blocks 20654449 bsize 819… text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:38+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/sysadmin/debian/timezone Set the Timezone on Debian Just run the following command as root (use su or sudo): dpkg-reconfigure tzdata sysadmin linux debian timezone configure text/html 2015-11-30T12:09:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/sysadmin/ssh SSH SSH with Public Key Authentication only /etc/ssh/sshd_config Make sure that your SSH config file (sshd_config) contains these settings: PubkeyAuthentication yes PasswordAuthentication no If you changed the config, make sure to restart sshd to activate ist: text/html 2016-04-05T06:49:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mac/clear_dns_cache Clear DNS Cache To clear the DNS cache on OS X, you first have to flush the cache and then send a signal the the 'mDNSResponder'. dscacheutil -flushcache sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder mac osx sysadmin dns cache cli text/html 2015-11-25T08:52:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mac/compact_sparseimage Comapct Sparse Image hdiutil compact your.sparseimage sysadmin cli apple mac osx text/html 2015-11-25T08:50:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mac/airport AirPort Command Line Interface AirPort On/Off Infos from OS X Daily AirPort On networksetup -setairportpower airport on AirPort Off networksetup -setairportpower airport off Select AirPort Network networksetup -setairportnetwork {Network} AirPort mac osx device wlan cli shell script sysadmin text/html 2010-04-21T08:17:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/blog/2010/memory_usage_solaris_container_zone Memory Usage of a Solaris Container (Zone) Last week one of my servers ran out of RAM and Swap. Shame on me for not monitoring that, but it's now. As the server is running several zones, my first question was: Which zone is eating up my RAM? So, here are the commands I used. text/html 2018-09-19T12:34:39+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/script/compare_directories Compare directories For each of the directories, generate a digest file: find DIR -type f -exec shasum {} + | LC_ALL=C sort -d -k 2 > shasums.txt It's important to use LC_ALL=C and the option -d of sort, to get compareable results on different machines. text/html 2020-09-15T19:10:57+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/wiki/welcome Welcome to your new DokuWiki Congratulations, your wiki is now up and running. Here are a few more tips to get you started. Enjoy your work with DokuWiki, -- the developers Create your first pages Your wiki needs to have a start page. As long as it doesn't exist, this link will be red: text/html 2015-11-25T08:53:41+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/blog/2011/start_and_stop_apple_file_server_command_line Start and Stop the Apple File Server from Command Line You can use /sbin/service to start or stop the “Personal File Sharing”. Start the Apple File Server (“Personal File Sharing”): sudo /sbin/service com.apple.AppleFileServer start And likewise stop it: text/html 2015-10-23T12:39:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/script/variables Shell Script Variables Last Character Get the last character of $a: ${a: -1} Remove Slash from the End of a Variable Remove a trailing slash from $a: a=${a%/} scripting bash sysadmin variable text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/script/dyndns_updates_without_client DynDNS Updates without a Client My new hosting provide Strato offers DynDNS. I was searching for a DynDNS client for my OpenSolaris Home Server, but a small bash script does the job as good as any other client. #! /bin/bash . ${HOME}/.dyndns.cfg DOMAINS=$(cat ${HOME}/.dyndns.domains) echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M') $(basename $0)" for domain in ${DOMAINS}; do echo -n " ${domain} - " curl --silent --show-error --insecure --user ${LOGIN} "${UPDATE_URL}?hostname=${domain}" d… text/html 2014-09-05T12:12:53+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/java/firefox_java-plugin Install the Java-Plugin for Firefox To install the Java plugin for Firefox, you have to create a symlink from Firefox's plugin directory /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/ to the file libnpjp2.so in the JRE's “lib” dir. sudo ln -s \ ${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so \ /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/libnpjp2.so text/html 2014-04-28T09:01:22+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/linux/debian/cleanup_packages Cleanup Packages Purge uninstalled Packages If a package is removed, it is only uninstalled, but the configuration remains on the system. This is a good thing, as you are able to reinstall the package and have it configured with the old configuration. But if you want to cleanup this old stuff, you can ge a list of uninstalled (but not purged) packages with this command: text/html 2013-02-14T13:15:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/ssh SSH Export public key from secret key The public key andunix.pub which belongs to the secret key andunix is extracted. ssh-keygen -y -f andunix > andunix.pub security cryptography ssh sysadmin text/html 2014-04-28T09:01:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/linux/pargs pargs for Linux If you miss pargs from Solaris, then try this: ps eww -p <pid> linux sysadmin cli text/html 2013-03-01T17:59:06+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/z/relax/index ReLAX This is the project page for ReLAX. relax index * Source Code (browse source code) Blog Entries * 2009-11-27: ReLAX project project_relax scripting shell sysadmin framework text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/solaris/filesystem File System File System Organization * File system organization - filesystem(5) File Systems This is a non-complete list of file systems in Solaris. * hsfs(7FS): High Sierra & ISO 9660 CD-ROM file system * lofs(7FS): loopback virtual file system * pcfs(7FS): FAT formatted file system text/html 2009-08-11T10:16:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/blog/2009/opensolaris_virtualbox_mount_shared_folder OpenSolaris / VirtualBox: Mount Shared Folder To mount a shared folder in a OpenSolaris guest in VirtualBox, you have to install the Guest Additions and then mount the file system type vboxfs. The Usage is: mount -F vboxfs <share> <mountpoint> text/html 2020-09-15T19:10:57+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/wiki/dokuwiki DokuWiki wiki:dokuwiki DokuWiki is a simple to use and highly versatile Open Source wiki software that doesn't require a database. It is loved by users for its clean and readable Formatting Syntax. The ease of maintenance, backup and integration makes it an administrator's favorite. Built in text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/database/index Database Administration database index text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:39+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/sysadmin/index System Administration sysadmin index text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/permissions/index Permission Administration permissions index text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/script/tools Command Line Tools Used in My Scripts This is a list of comman dline tools which I use in my scripts an which should be installed on every of my systems. Basic tools (e.g. awk, find, grep, ps) which are always installed are not listed. Audio/Video text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/script/iconv Change Encoding with iconv Convert Single File iconv -f iso-8859-1 -t utf-8 -o OUTPUT.txt INPUT.txt Converts INPUT.txt from iso-8859-1 to utf-8 and writes it to OUTPUT.txt. Convert All Files in a Directory for f in $(find . -type f) do iconv -f iso-8859-1 -t utf-8 -o ${f}_$$_TEMP ${f} \ && mv ${f}_$$_TEMP ${f} done text/html 2010-10-27T12:36:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/blog/2010/ips_repository_appliance IPS Repository Appliance Brian Leonard wrote a good guide how to setup a Local Repository Mirror. If you are in a hurry, it's good to know that you don't need to copy the entire repository of about 8GB to a local disk. You can use the repository image directly. Here is how you can do that. text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/user/remove MySQL: Remove User Remove User DROP USER '{user}'@'%'; Remove User and Database * Usually, {user} == {db} DROP USER '{user}'@'%'; DROP DATABASE '{db}'; admin database mysql sql text/html 2013-03-01T20:26:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/oracle/accounts_with_objects Oracle: List Accounts with Objects To list all accounts (users) the objects (like tables), you can query them with: SELECT DISTINCT OWNER FROM DBA_OBJECTS ORDER BY OWNER; If you want to list all accounts, you can query them with: SELECT USERNAME FROM ALL_USERS ORDER BY USERNAME; text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/database/backup MySQL: Backup Export a Database # set or replace the variables $USER, $PASS and $DB mysqldump --add-drop-table -u${USER} -p${PASS} ${DB} Export all Databases individually # set or replace the variables $USER and $PASS DATE_YMD=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d") DATABASES=$(mysql --batch -u${USER} -p${PASS} mysql --execute='show databases') for db in ${DATABASES} do mysqldump --add-drop-table -u${USER} -p${PASS} ${DB} > ${DB}_${DATE_YMD}.sql & bzip2 ${DB}_${DATE_YMD}.sql & # sleep 10 # option… text/html 2016-01-25T11:49:04+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/user/create MySQL: Create User Create User CREATE USER '{user}'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '{passwd}'; Create User and Database * Usually, {user} == {db} CREATE USER '{user}'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '{passwd}'; GRANT USAGE ON * . * TO '{user}'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '{passwd}' WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 0 ; CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `{db}`; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `{db}` . * TO '{user}'@'%'; text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/permissions/revoke MySQL: Revoke Permissions Revoke Permissions REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON `{db}` . * FROM '{user}'@'%'; admin database mysql sql text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/permissions/grant MySQL: Grant Permissions Grant Permissions GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `{db}` . * TO '{user}'@'%'; admin database mysql sql text/html 2013-03-01T20:38:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/oracle/resize_instance Oracle: Resize Instance In this example, the SGA will be resized to 6GB and the PGA to 2GB. First, change the SPFile: ALTER SYSTEM SET pga_aggregate_target = 2G SCOPE=SPFILE; ALTER SYSTEM SET sga_target = 6G SCOPE=SPFILE; Then, (optionally) export the SPFile to a PFile: text/html 2013-03-12T21:41:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/blog/2010/drupal_reverse_proxy Drupal: Reverse Proxy skybow wrote the very helpful article “Drupal via HTTPS/SSL Proxy Server (shared certificates)”. While following his advice, I found some improvements. To reduce the amount of editing and to increate the reusability, I substituted * www.example.com with $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] and text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:26+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/permissions/view MySQL: View Permissions View Permissions SHOW PRIVILEGES; SHOW GRANTS FOR '{user}'@'%'; admin database mysql sql text/html 2013-03-01T20:40:57+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/oracle/exp Oracle: EXP Export all Objects from an Account Enter the account name insteand of {user}. exp USERID=\'/ as sysdba\' FILE={user}.dmp FULL=N OWNER={user} admin exp oracle text/html 2013-12-17T09:09:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/user/password MySQL: Change Password * Replace {passwd} with the password of the user. * Replace {user} with the name of the user. GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO '{user}'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '{passwd}'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Or you can alternatively use the following: UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('{passwd}') WHERE User='{user}'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; text/html 2015-11-25T08:53:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mac/make_your_mac_feel_home Make your Mac feel at Home A small snippet from one of my scripts which tests whether your Mac is in the given (home) WLAN. # # Path to 'airport' executeable, as of Mac OS X 10.5. AIRPORT="/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport" # # Set this to your Home WLAN SSID (name): HOMESSID="mycastle" # # Get SSID info from 'airport' and search for $HOMESSID SSID=$(${AIRPORT} --getinfo | grep ' SSID:') SSID=$(echo ${SSID} | grep "^SSID: ${HOMESSID}\$")… text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/database/remove MySQL: Remove Database Remove Database DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `{db}`; admin database mysql sql text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/database/create MySQL: Create Database Create Database CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `{db}`; Create Database and Grant Rights to a User CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `{db}`; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `{db}` . * TO '{user}'@'%'; admin database mysql sql text/html 2013-02-19T14:05:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/java/jps jps - Java Virtual Machine Process Status Tool The Java Virtual Machine has a jps tool wich is a bit like the ps command. jps lists all java Processes of a user. You can find the man page at <http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/tooldocs/share/jps.html>. I'm using it with the parameters -l (long listing) and -m text/html 2013-03-01T20:36:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/oracle/spfile_and_pfiles Oracle: SPFile and PFiles Oracle reads its parameters from a file called “SPFile”. You can't change it directly as it's a binary file. Additionally, Oracle can read the parameters from “PFiles”, which are regular text files. Create PFile To export the SPFiles to a PFile, just enter the following in SQLplus: text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/script/root_login_with_bash root login with bash On our systems, the root account is set to be a role, so you can't login as root, just su to root from an user which has the root role. Also, the root user has the bourne shell (/bin/sh), but working with /bin/bash is much easier. Using this command, you can directly log in as text/html 2015-11-25T08:53:23+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mac/hostname Set a Mac's Hostname To set the permanent hostname, use the scutil utility (enter the desired hostname instead of the_hostname): sudo scutil --set HostName the_hostname Credits * <http://osxdaily.com/2010/09/06/change-your-mac-hostname-via-terminal/> mac osx cli sysadmin text/html 2016-10-01T19:54:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/linux/debian/disable_service Disable a Service To disable a service: service <service> stop update-rc.d <service> enable|disable With systemd (starting with Debian 8): systemctl disable <service> To (re)enable a service: update-rc.d <service> enable|disable service <service> stop text/html 2013-07-03T13:03:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/linux/debian/init init Managing init Scripts To activate an init script (“myscript”): update-rc.d myscript enable To deactivate an init script (“myscript”): update-rc.d myscript remove Further information can be found at Daemon - Debian Wiki sysadmin linux debian cli text/html 2015-02-11T09:25:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/blog/2014/foldersync_and_owncloud_7 Workaround for FolderSync with ownCloud 7 The Android App “FolderSync” stopped working when I upgraded my ownCloud to Version 7. FolderSync always showed “Bad Request” when testing the connection. ANd when I looked into the Apache log, the requests were closed with text/html 2013-03-08T10:45:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/linux/debian/timezone Setting the Timezone The timezone is stored in the file /etc/timezone. Check the Timezone cat /etc/timezone Example: # cat /etc/timezone Europe/London Set the Timezone You can use vi: vi /etc/timezone Or set it directy: echo "Europe/Berlin" > /etc/timezone text/html 2013-02-04T22:17:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://old.andunix.net/info/mysql/user/index User Administration user index